Personality, competencies, and life outcomes: results from the German PIAAC longitudinal study
نویسندگان
چکیده
Background Cognitive skills, such as literacy and numeracy, are undoubtedly powerful predictors of important life outcomes such as educational attainment, income, and health (Herrnstein and Murray 1994). However, during the last decade, other traits besides cognitive skills have emerged as potent predictors of life outcomes. These traits—often collectively referred to as “non-cognitive skills”—include personality, motivation, interests, and beliefs. The Nobel Prize-winning economist James Heckman was among the first to champion the role of non-cognitive skills in shaping important life outcomes. In an influential article (Borghans et al. 2008; see also Heckman et al. 2006), he and his co-authors urged that Abstract
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The PIAAC longitudinal study in Germany: rationale and design
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